Iran Länderverzeichnis

Iran, located in the heart of the Middle East, is a country steeped in history, culture, and natural beauty. It shares borders with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, and Iraq, as well as coastlines along the Caspian Sea to the north and the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman to the south. Known as Persia until 1935, Iran is home to some of the world’s most ancient civilizations, with cultural and historical landmarks that span thousands of years.

From the magnificent ruins of Persepolis and the architectural wonders of Isfahan to the vibrant bazaars of Tehran and Shiraz, Iran offers a unique blend of antiquity and modernity. The country’s landscapes range from the rugged Alborz and Zagros Mountains to the lush forests of the north and the vast deserts of the central plateau. Whether exploring UNESCO World Heritage Sites, savoring Persian cuisine, or discovering the warmth of Iranian hospitality, a visit to Iran is an unforgettable experience.

Iran's climate is highly diverse due to its size and topography:

• Northern Iran: The Caspian coastline has a humid subtropical climate with mild winters and hot summers.
• Central Plateau: Features an arid and semi-arid climate, with hot summers and cold winters.
• Southern Iran: Experiences a hot desert climate with scorching summers and mild winters.
• Mountainous Regions: Cooler temperatures year-round, with snowy winters ideal for skiing.

Best Times to Visit:

• Spring (March to May): The Persian New Year (Nowruz) marks the arrival of spring, with mild weather and blooming nature.
• Autumn (September to November): Pleasant temperatures make it an excellent time for cultural and outdoor activities.
• Winter (December to February): Great for skiing in the Alborz Mountains or visiting the southern coast.
• Summer (June to August): Best for exploring the cooler highlands or coastal areas near the Caspian Sea.

Iran is well-connected to global and regional hubs by air, road, and rail:

• Air Travel: Tehran’s Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKA) is the primary international gateway, with additional international airports in cities like Shiraz, Mashhad, and Isfahan.
• Rail Travel: International train services connect Iran to Turkey and Turkmenistan, while the domestic rail network links major cities.
• Road Travel: Iran has an extensive network of highways; land borders with neighboring countries allow for entry by car or bus.
• Sea Travel: Ports along the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea handle both cargo and passenger ferries, including connections to the UAE and Central Asia.

Iran’s nightlife is shaped by its cultural and religious values, offering a unique take on social entertainment:

• Tehran: Features modern cafés, teahouses, and cultural venues. Evening strolls in places like Tabiat Bridge and Milad Tower are popular.
• Isfahan: Known for its riverside gatherings along the Zayanderud River and nighttime visits to its stunningly lit bridges.
• Traditional Music and Performances: Cities like Shiraz and Yazd host live Persian classical music and poetry recitations.
• Cultural Events: Local theaters and art galleries showcase Iran’s vibrant arts scene.

Iran is a treasure trove for unique and high-quality handicrafts:

• Persian Carpets: Renowned worldwide for their intricate designs and craftsmanship.
• Saffron and Spices: Iran is the world's largest producer of saffron, alongside other aromatic spices.
• Handicrafts: Items such as inlaid woodwork (khatam), miniature paintings, and copperware.
• Rosewater and Perfumes: Extracted from roses in Kashan, these make excellent gifts.
• Turquoise Jewelry: Iran's turquoise mines are among the oldest and most famous in the world.

Iran celebrates a mix of ancient traditions, Islamic festivals, and local customs:

• March: Nowruz, the Persian New Year, marks the spring equinox with 13 days of festivities.
• June: Rosewater Festival in Kashan celebrates the harvesting and distillation of roses.
• September: Ashura, an important Islamic observance, features processions and commemorations.
• December: Yalda Night, the longest night of the year, celebrated with poetry, storytelling, and special foods.

Fixed Holidays:

• 11 February: Revolution Day
• 19 March: Oil Nationalization Day
• 1 April: Islamic Republic Day
• 4 June: Demise of Imam Khomeini
• 5 June: Khordad National Uprising

Tentative Holidays:

• Birthday of Imam Ali and Father's Day (Tentative Date)
• Prophet's Ascension (Tentative Date)
• Imam Mahdi's birthday (Tentative Date)
• Martyrdom of Imam Ali (Tentative Date)
• Eid-e-Fetr (End of Ramadan) (Tentative Date)
• Eid-e-Fetr (Additional Holiday) (Tentative Date)
• Martyrdom of Imam Sadeq (Tentative Date)
• Eid-e-Ghorban (Feast of Sacrifice) (Tentative Date)
• Eid-e-Ghadir (Tentative Date)
• Tassoua (Tentative Date)
• Ashura (Tentative Date)
• Arbaeen (Tentative Date)
• Demise of Prophet Muhammad and Martyrdom of Imam Hassan (Tentative Date)
• Martyrdom of Imam Reza (Tentative Date)

• Currency: The Iranian Rial (IRR) is the official currency, though tourists often use euros or dollars. Currency exchange offices are widely available.
• Language: Persian (Farsi) is the official language. Learning basic phrases is helpful.
• Emergency Numbers: Dial 110 for police, 115 for medical emergencies, and 125 for fire services.
• Dress Code: Modest clothing is required, with women expected to wear a headscarf and loose-fitting attire.
• Safety: Iran is generally safe for travelers, but it’s important to follow local customs and regulations.
• Visa: Most travelers require a visa, which can be obtained through Iran’s e-visa platform or local consulates.

Getting around Iran is straightforward with its efficient transport system:

• Domestic Flights: Affordable and widely available for covering long distances.
• Trains: Comfortable services connect major cities, with options like overnight sleeper trains.
• Buses: A reliable and cost-effective way to travel, with both luxury and standard options.
• Taxis and Ride-Hailing Apps: Apps like Snapp provide convenient and affordable transport.
• Car Rentals: Ideal for exploring remote areas, though local driving habits may require caution.

Iran’s culture is a mosaic of ancient traditions, art, and hospitality:

• Art and Architecture: From the tiled mosques of Isfahan to the rock carvings of Persepolis, Iran is an architectural wonderland.
• Music and Poetry: Classical Persian music and the works of poets like Rumi and Hafez are deeply embedded in the culture.
• Cuisine: Known for dishes like kebabs, stews (khoresht), and rice dishes (chelo). Tea and sweets are central to hospitality.
• Hospitality: Iranians are famously welcoming, often inviting travelers to share a meal or tea.

Iran’s economy is diverse, with key industries including:

• Oil and Gas: A major exporter with vast reserves.
• Agriculture: Famous for products like pistachios, dates, and saffron.
• Tourism: A growing sector, with ancient sites and eco-tourism gaining popularity.
• Handicrafts and Exports: Renowned for carpets, ceramics, and jewelry.

Travelers to Iran typically require a visa:

• Tourist Visa: Available through Iran’s e-visa system or consulates.
• Visa on Arrival: Offered to citizens of many countries at select airports.
• Special Permits: Required for visiting sensitive or restricted areas.

Consult the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for up-to-date information.

Iran maintains embassies and consulates globally. In Tehran, major foreign embassies are located in central areas, providing consular services and information for travelers.